独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

1. I have a lot of books, half of ________ novels.

A. which 

B. that 

C. whom 

D. them

2. ________ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.

A. because

B. as   

C. With   

D. Since

3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ________ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.

A. them 

B. who 

C. whom 

D. which

4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ________ over 600 years old.

A. which 

B. that 

C. them 

D. it

5. The cave ________ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.

A. was; given 

B. was; to give 

C. being; given 

D. being; to give

6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________ a gun and his face ________ with sweat.

A held; covered 

B. holding; covering 

C. holding; covered 

D. held; covering

7. The girl was smiling sweetly, her long hair _________.

A. flowed in the breeze 

B. was flowing in the breeze

C. were flowing in the breeze 

D. flowing in the breeze

8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _________ for the day.

A. finishing 

B. finished 

C. had finished 

D. were finished

9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.

A. their 

B. whose 

C. which 

D. that

10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, ________ Land Rover of the latest.

A. another

B. other 

C. the other 

D. the others

红砖升本公众号后台回复独立主格结构，获取答案及详解。